DICOTYLEDONES MONOCHLA.MYDE^E. 417 



C. amh'osioides and C. Botrys contain an essential oil ; C. an- 

 thelminlica yields Wormseed oil, a powerful vermifuge, as its 

 name implies ; and C. olidum exhales pure Ammonia. Ati-iplex 

 hortensis is the Garden Orache ; Spiiiachia, the Spinach; ]3eta, 

 the Beet. All yield carbonate of soda and hence Barilla. 

 Beet-roots aflPord the very fine sugar now extensively manufac- 

 tured in France. — 1. Chexopodium, p.Q^>. 2, Atriplex, ^:>. 

 378. 3. Beta, />. 85. 4. Salsola,^. 85. 5. Salicornia, />. 1. 



Ord. LXIX. POLYGONE.E. Sometimes monoecious or 

 dioecious. Perianth free, divided, the segments often in a dou- 

 ble row. Stamens definite, but varying in number, from the 

 base of the perianth. Ovary with 2 or more styles or sessile 

 stigm.as. Ache?iium frequently 3-angular, with one erect seed. 

 Emhryo in a farinaceous albumen, often lateral. — Herbaceous, 

 rarely shrubby plants with sheathing stipules. — The stems and 

 leaves are acid and astringent ; the roots, in general, nauseous 

 and purgative ; while the seeds are very farinaceous and escu- 

 lent. The True Rhubarb belongs to this Order, and is the 

 Rheum Emodi of Wallich — 1. Polygonum, p. 157. 2. Rumex, 

 p. 136. 3. OxYRiA,;?. 136. 



(Laurine^. The; Laurel Family (not the Laurels, so called, of our 

 gardens) is a most interesting group. Cinnamon is the product of 

 Laiirus Cinnamomum ; Cassia of L. Cassia ; Camphor, (one kind 

 at least) of L. Camphora : the Avocado or Alligator Pear is L. Per- 

 sea ; Laurel-oil of the Orinoco, an essential oi!, flows spontaneously 

 from the trunk of Laurus {Ocotea, Willd.) cymharum of Humboldt.) 



(Mykistice^ ; yielding Nutmegs {Myristica officinalis) and Mace, 

 which is the arillus of the Nutmeg.) 



Ord. LXX. ELEAGNE.^i. Mostly dioecious. Barren fl. 

 somewhat amentaceous. Perianth 4-parted. Stamens 3 or more. 

 Anthers 2-celled. — Fertile Jl. Perianth free, tubular, persistent, 

 2 — 4-toothed. Ovary 1, 1-celled. Style short. Stigma glandu- 

 lar. Fruit crustaceous, enclosed within the fleshy perianth. 

 Seed solitary, erect. Embryo with a thin fleshy albumen. — 

 Trees or Shrubs, loith frequently leprous scales, no stipules. — 1. 

 HlPPOPHAE, p. 351. 



Ord. LXXI. THYiMELEiE. Perianth h-ee, tubular, often 

 coloured, 4 — 5-cleft. Stamens definite, when equal in number to 

 the segments of the perianth opposite to them. Ovary 1. Style 

 I, and stigma 1, undivided. Fruit an achenium, or drupaceous. 

 Seed 1, pendulous. Albumen none, or thin and fleshy. — Shrubby, 

 without stipules. — An Order remarkable for the tenacious cha- 

 racter of the inner bark, which is frequently made into paper, 

 especially in India. Lace bark is the same substance of Daphne 

 Lagetto, and is composed of layers of beautifully reticulated 

 fibres. — Daphne, />. 156. 



Ord. LXXII. SANTALACE.E. Perianth adnate with 



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