1 



420 DICOTYLEDONES — MONOCHLAMYDEyE. 



Albumen rarely any. — Trees or Shrubs, yielding much of our 

 best timber : the younger leaves stipuled. Bark astringent. 

 Cork is the bark of a species of Evergreen Oak ; Gulls, excres- 

 cences occasioned by the puncture of an insect, are the produce 

 of Oaks and possess the astringent property in a highly concen- 

 trated state, the best are from Qicercus infectoria of Asia Minor; 

 Q. Ilex nourishes the Cuccus Ilicis or Kermes Insect, which gives a 

 scarlet dye, much inferior, however, to Cochineal. The Acorn- 

 cups of Q. JEffilops ave imported from the Levant, on account of 

 their astringent and dyeing properties. — Subord. 1. BETULI- 

 NEJE. 1. Bktula, p. 325. 2. Alnus, p. 322.— Subord. 2. 



SALICINE^. 3.SALIX,;?. 350. 4. Populus, p.352 Subord. 



3. CUPULIFER^. 5. Fagus, p. 324. 6. Castanea, p. 325. 



7. QuERCus, />. 324. 8. Corylus, jtj. 325, 9. Carpinus, p. 325. 



Ord. LXXIX. INIYRICEiE. Monoecious or dioecious, 



amentaceous. Perianth 0. — Barren Jl. Stamens 6 or 8. Anthers 



2- or4-celled, opening lengthwise Female ji. Ovary 1-celled, 



surrounded by hypogynous persistent scales. Stigmas 2. Fruit 

 drupaceous, often covered with waxy secretions, or dry. Seed ^ 

 solitary, erect. Embryo without albumen. — Shrubs, q/if^M aro- ->: 

 matic with resinous glands and alternate leaves. In Mijrica cerifera . 

 a copious wax exudes from the berries, employed for oeconomical 

 purposes. — Myrica, j». 351. 



Ord. LXXX. CONIFERiE. (including Taxin^e, Rich.) 

 Monoecious or Dioecious. Barren flowers monandrous or mona- 

 delphous ; each floret consisting of a single stamen, or of a few 

 united, collected in a deciduous catkin about a common rachis. 

 Anthers 2-lobed or many-lobed, bursting outwardly ; often ter- 

 minated by a crest, which is an unconverted portion of the scale 

 out of which each stamen is formed : pollen large, usually com- 

 pound — Fertile Jlowers generally in cones, sometimes solitary. 

 Ovary in the cones spread open and having the appearance of 

 a flat scale destitute of style or stigma, and arising from the 

 axil of a membranous bractea; in the solitary flower apparently 

 wanting. Ovules naked ; in the cones in pairs on the face of 

 the ovary, having an inverted position, and consisting of 1 or 2 

 membranes open at the apex, and of a nucleus, in the solitary 

 flower ei'ect. Fruit consisting either of a solitary naked seed, 

 or of a co7ie ; the latter formed of the scale-shaped ovaries, 

 become enlarged and indurated, and occasionally, of the bracteas 

 also, which nre sometimes obliterated, and sometimes extend 

 beyond the scales in the form a lobed appendage. Seeds Avith 

 a hard crustaceous integument. Embryo in the midst of a fleshy 

 and oily albumen, with 2 or many opposite cotyledons. Th^. 

 radicle next the apex of the seed, and having an organic con- 

 nection with the albumen.^ — Resinous trees or shrubs, of vast im- 



' I liiivu adopted entiroly Di- Lindley's character of this remarkable Order, 



