420 MONOCOTYLKDONES — GRAMINEiE. 



(Bromeliace^. This Order includes the Pine Apple {Bromclia) 

 and the great American Aloe, Agave, from which cordage and a vinous 

 spirit are prepared.) 



Ord. XCV. IRIDEiE. Limb of ihe jjerianlh 6-cleft, or 6- 

 partite ; sometimes irregular. Skmiens 3, inserted into the 

 base of the outer segments. Filaments sometimes united. An- 

 thers fixed by tlieir base, turned outwards. Ovnnj 3-celled, 

 many-seeded. Stijle 1. Stigmas 3, lamellated, or dilated into 

 the form of petals, rarely i2-lipped, sometimes 1. Stigma ob- 

 scurely 3-lobed. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved : valves bearing 

 the dissepiments in the middle. Seeds round, hard. Albumen 

 horny or firmly fleshy. Embryo with the same direction as the 

 seed. — Herbs, rarely under-shrubs. Leaves equitant (except i?i 

 Crocus). Flowers spathaceoiis, sometimes partly subterranean. — 

 Orris-root is from Iris Florentina. — 1. Ik:s, p. 13. 2. TiiiCHO- 

 NEMA, />. 13. 3. Crocus, />. 13. 



Ord. XCVI. AMARYLLIDE.Ti. Zm& of \\\q perianth 

 coloured, 6-partite or 6-cleft. Stamens 6, inserted at the bot- 

 tom of the segments, sometimes united by a membrane. Anthers 

 opening inwards. Ovary 3-celled ; the cells many-seeded, or in 

 thosewhose fruit is fleshy, 1 — 2-seeded. Style I. Stigma 3-\ohe(\. 

 Fruit capsular; either dry with 3 valves, 3 cells, bearing the 

 dissepiments in the middle and many seeds : or fleshy with 1 — 3 

 seeds. Integument of the seed not crustaceous. Embryo straight, 

 in the axis of a fleshy albumen, having the same direction as 

 the seed. — Flowers large, generally of alright colour. Leaves 

 fleshy, indistinctly nerved, all radical. Roots bulbous. — 1. Nar- 

 cissus, jo. 134. 2. Galanthus, jj. 134. 3. Leucojum, p. 134. 



Ord. XCVII. DIOSCORE.E. Dioecious. Limb of the jom- 

 anth with 6 divisions. Steiile jl. Stamens 6 from the base of 

 the perianth. Fertile Jl. Ovary 3-celled ; cells 1 — 2-seeded. 

 Style deeply trifid. Stigmas undivided. Fruit dry and flat, with 

 2 of its cells frequently abortive, or baccate (in Tamus). Em- 

 bryo small, near the hilum, lying in a large cavity of cartilaginous 

 albumen. — Mostly twining and tropical shrubs. Leaves tcith reti- 

 culated veins. Flowers small, bracteated. — Dioscorea sativa afi'ords 

 the well known Yarn. — Tamus, p. 351. 



Subclass II. Glumace^e. 



Floivers destitute of true perianth (unless the bristles in some 

 Cyperacese or the curious urceolate covering to the ovary iti 

 Carex can be considered such), but enclosed tvithin imbricated 

 alternate chaffy scales or bracteas. 



Ord. XCVIII. GRAMINE^. Glume, (calyx, L.) I- or 

 many-flowered, mostly of 2 valves, rarely of 1, or wanting. 

 Perianth (corolla, L.) glumaceous, 1 — 2-valved. Stametis liy- 

 pogynous. Ayitkers versatile. Ovary superior, with I ovule 



