ACOTYLEDONES — MUSCI. 427 



Styles 2, rarely 1 or 3. Stigmas often plumose. Pericarp gene- 

 raliy forming one body with the seed. Embryo lateral, on one 

 side at the base of the farinaceous albumen. — Stems or culms 

 fistulose, generally simple and herbaceous^ jointed^ sometimes branch- 

 ed, rarely shrubby. Leaves one to each joint, xoith a sheath slit 

 longitudinally on one side, having a menibraiwics appendage (ligide) 

 at its summit. Flowers small, panicled or spiked. — A most natural 

 Order, and one of the highest importance in the whole Vegetable 

 Kingdom, comprehending the true Grasses. — 1. Anthoxan- 

 THUM, p. 12. 2, Nardus, p. 14. 3. Alopecurus, p. 15, et seq.'^ 



Ord. XCIX. CYPERACEiE. Flowers frequently monoe- 

 cious, subtended by a chaffy scale (glume). Perianth 0, or com- 

 posed of bristles, rarely a membrane (as in Carex). Stamens 

 hypogynous, generally 3. Anthers fixed by their base. Ovary 

 superior, with one erect ovule. Style single, generally trifid, 

 rarely bifid. Stigmas entire. Acheniuni crustaceous or bony. 

 Embryo lenticular, enclosed in the base of a copious albumen. 

 — Stems ofte7i angular, frequently without joints. Leaves ivith 

 entire sheaths. Scales of the flowers arranged in spikes, the lower 

 ones often sterile. 1. Cyperus, p. 13. 2. Cladium, /). 4. 3. 

 ScH(ENus, jo. 13. 4. Rhynchospora, jO. 13. 5. SCIRPUS, p. 14. 

 6. Blysmus, p. 14. 7. Eleocharis, JO. 14. 8. Eriophorum, 

 p. 14. 9. Elyna, j». 322. 10. Carex, p. 322. 



Class IIL ACOTYLEDONOUS,' or Cellular Plants. 



Whole plant with a cellular structure, (except in the Filices, 

 which have tubular vessels among the cells and hence approach 

 the 2d Class.) There are no real flowe-rs, nothing that can be 

 considered as Stamen and Pistil. The Seeds or Organs of 

 reproduction are without any distinct embryo, consequently 



without any cotyledon This Class corresponds witli the 24th, 



Cryptogamia, in the Linnsean System. 



Ord. C. filices, see p. 379, and for the Sub-Order 

 Lycopodiace^, see 7). 381 : for the Sub-Order MARsiLEACEiE, 

 seej9. 382: for the Sub-Order Equisetace/e, seejt?. 382. 



Ord. CI. MUSCI. Fructification of 2 kinds; anthers, so 

 called, concealed among leaves ; and capsules, in .in early stage 

 covered with a calyptra, which generally bursts regularly and 

 transversely at the base, and rises up with the mostly pedun- 

 culated and operculated capsule. The operculum, or lid, is de- 

 ciduous in most instances. Mouth of the capsule naked or fur- 

 nished with a single or double fringe or peristome ; containing 

 seeds, surrounding a columella, (except in some Phasca) enclos- 

 ed in a seminal bag, destitute of spiral filaments. — Plants of 

 small size, of a more or less compactly cellular structure, readily 



1 Fiom a, loithoiit, aiui xonKriim, a C'.tyledoH. 



