54 JU.virER. 



covered with a rough reddish-brown bark. The leaves are very 

 numerous, arranged in threes, sessile, linear, mucronate, pungent, 

 channelled, somewhat glaucous above, convex, and deep-green be- 

 neath. The flowers are dioecious, or occasionally monoecious, 

 small, and axillary. The male flowers are disposed in small yellow- 

 ish % ovoid catkins, each with three rows of pedicellate, whorled, 

 imbricated, sub-peltate scales, three in each whcrl, and a terminal 

 one ; at the base of which are three or four nearly sessile stamens, 

 with the filaments united at the base ; the anthers one-celled, and 

 containing much pollen. The female flowers are disposed in 

 globose catkins, consisting of about six imbricated permanent scales, 

 each with a roundish germen, and three very short styles, termi- 

 nated by simple stigmas. The fruit is a small globose berry, of a 

 glaucous bluish-black colour, the succulent outside composed of 

 the inner scales of the flower, which become fleshy and coalesce, 

 subtended at the base by the outer tuberculous scales, and in- 

 cluding three oblong bony seeds or nuts, which are convex, and 

 channelled externally. Plate 28, fig. 1 (a) part of a branch of the 

 male plant; (h) catkin, or cone of male flowers ; (c) one of the 

 female flowers magnified ; (d) fruit cut transversely to show the 

 seeds or nuts ; (e) nut, 



This homely-looking shrub is frequent on our heaths and com- 

 mons, particularly in dry, chalky, and hilly situations, and is some- 

 times found in woods. It is a native of Europe, from Spain to 

 Lapland, and is also indigenous to Japan. It flowers in May : 

 the berries are not ripe before the second year. The generic and 

 vernacular names are, probably, derived from the Celtic jeneprus, 

 signifying rude, or rough. 



Sprengel enumerates twenty-two species of Juniper, none of 

 which are indigenous to Britain, except the subject of this article, 

 and the J. nana, a low procumbent shrub, abounding in the moun- 

 tains of Scotland and Ireland, distinguished from J. communis by 

 its prostrate stems, more curved leaves, and larger oval berries ; it 

 is scarcely, however, entitled to rank as a species. Common 

 Juniper varies much in size and habit ; by the sides of hills, in 

 favourable soils, it sometimes attains the height of eight or ten feet, 

 but on the tops of mountains, and in moist valleys, it is a dwarfish 

 tufted shrub. J. Sabina, or Common Savine, is a native of 

 South Europe, and is sometimes cultivated in our gardens, where it 

 seldom flowers. The leaves and tops afford the savine of the 



