474 APPENDIX. 



Villars Dauph. — Villars Histoire des Plantes de Dauphine. 8vo. 



Grenoble, 1779. 

 Wahl. Fl. Lapp. — Wahlenberg (Geo.). Flora Lapponica. 8vo. Berlin, 



1812. 

 Willd. Sp. PI. — Willdenow (Charles Lewis). Caroli a Linne Species 



Plantarum. 5 vols. 8vo. Berlin, 1797-1810. 

 With. Bot. Arr. — Withering (William). An Arrangement of British 



Plants. 4 vols. 8vo. Birmingham, 1796. 

 Woodv. Med. Bot. — Woodville (William). Medical Botany. 3 vols. 



4to. 1790; with a Supplement, 1 vol. 4to. 1794. 



No. III. 



RULES FOR GATHERING; DRYING, AND 



PRESERVING PLANTS, AND FOR MAKING THE VARIOUS 



PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 



Vegetables are to be gathered from those places where they grow spon- 

 taneously. The best and strongest specimens should be chosen, and such 

 as grow in open and high situations are in general to be preferred to those 

 that occur in moist and shady places. They should be gathered in a dry 

 season, and when they are not wet with rain or dew. They are to be 

 collected every year, and any which have been longer kept are to be 

 thrown away. 



" Roots, for the most part, are to be dug up before their stem or leaves 

 shoot forth." This is the rule generally given, but there is some difficulty 

 in following it, unless the locality of the plant be well known. It would 

 be nearly as difficult in many instances to discover the root of which we are 

 in search, late in autumn or early in winter, when the stem and leaves are 

 withered, supposing it to be equally vigorous then as jn spring, (which is 

 doubtful). There is reason to believe, however, that early in spring, when 

 the first leaves of a plant are unfolded, the qualities of the root are not 

 materially affected. Even then a previous knowledge of the plant is requi- 

 site, but it is easily recognised by the practised eye from the character of 

 the leaves merely. 



" Barks are to be collected at that season when they are most easily 

 separated from the wood." That is in spring, when the active principles 

 circulating in the vessels of the bark are most abundant and energetic. 



Leaves are to be gathered after the flowers have expanded or before the 

 seeds are mature. 



Tops are to be cut when the flowers are in bud or have but just opened. 



Flowers are to be gathered when just unfolded. 



Seeds are to be collected when they are ripe and before they fall. They 

 should be preserved in their pericarps or seed-vessels. 



