CHAPTER IX 



THE CA1{TS {continued) 



The Roach — Appearance — Distribution — Habits — Angling for Roach — The 

 Rudd — Distribution — The Chub — Distribution and Habits— AngUng for 

 Chub — The Dace — Distribution — Habits — Angling for Dace — The 

 Minnow — Habits — Distribution — The Tench — Distribution and Habits 

 — Tench as Food — Angling for Tench. 



Eighth Sub-Family : LEUCISCINA: THE WHITE FISH 



FAMILY 



The eighth division of Dr. Giinther's arrangement of the 

 Carp Family contains a large number of genera, distributed 

 widely through the northern temperate zone, and including 

 thirty-five species indigenous to Europe and Asia, and forty to 

 North America. In this group the dorsal fin is short, without 

 a bony ray, and the teeth are ranged in a single or double 

 series on the pharynx. 



The Roach {Leuciscus rutilus) 



Fin Formula (variable, being given differently 

 by different observers). 



Dorsal : 12 to 14 rays. 

 Pectoral : 1 6 or 1 7 rays. 

 Anal : 12 to 14 rays. 

 Ventral : 9 or 10 rays. 



Teeth. 

 None on vomer or 

 palate ; pharyngeal 

 teeth conical or com- 

 pressed, in a single or 

 double series. 



Certain creatures seem to be brought into being simply for 

 the purpose of affording food for others, and such is the part 



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