264 ^ CHYMISTRY APPLIED TO AGRICULTURE. 



posed of all the actual improvements which have been suc- 

 cessively introduced, I adopted the following. 



A boiler capable of holding about 132 gallons of wine 

 is placed over a furnace ; to the upper part of the boiler is 

 affixed a pipe, which carries the vapor into a second boiler 

 containing 106 gallons of wine, in which the pipe is im- 

 mersed about six inches. With the upper part of this 

 second boiler there is connected a tube, which transmits 

 the vapor into a cylinder five feet in length and fifteen inches 

 in diameter ; the inside of this cylinder is divided into four 

 chambers, by plates of copper ; these chambers or cavities 

 communicate with each other, by small orifices in the upper 

 part of the plates : the cylinder is immersed in a trough of 

 cold water ; the water of this trough is renewed at the end 

 farthest from the boilers. 



The vapor which is not condensed in passing through the 

 chambers of the cylinder, is carried through a pipe into a 

 worm immersed in the wine, and thence into a lower worm, 

 which is cooled in water. The current of heat, after having 

 heated the first boiler, passes under the second to facilitate 

 the ebullition of the liquid. 



Such is the general arrangement of the apparatus ; but in 

 order to render the use of it as sure as it is easy, it is neces- 

 sary to enter into some particulars concerning its construc- 

 tion. 



1. In the top of the boiler there is a small pipe with a 

 stop-cock ; upon turning the cock a jet of vapor is thrown 

 out, to which a lighted taper is applied ; if the vapor takes 

 fire, the distillation is not completed ; if the contrary be the 

 case, it is completed. 



2. There is, at the lower part of the boiler, a large pipe 

 with a stop-cock for drawing off the residuum or vinasse. 



3. A lateral stop-cock for ascertaining when the boiler is 

 filled to a sufficient height. 



4. A valve, of an inch and a half in diameter, in the top 

 and at some inches from the place where the boiler is con- 

 tracted ; this is used in cleansing or filling the boiler. 



At the bottom of each chamber of the condensing cylin- 

 der, there should be a pipe to carry off the condensed 

 liquid ; these pipes should communicate with a large tube 

 by which the liquor will be conveyed into the bottom of 

 the first boiler; that this may be done with the greatest 

 ease and regularity, it is advisable that a stop-cock be 

 placed in each of the pipes at the distance of about an 



