REFINING BEET SUGAR. 339 



boiler.* The liquor is then carefully stirred, and is kept 

 constantly in motion till the temperature rises to 70°, 

 (=z 180° Fahr.,) when stirring is omitted, and the heat 

 raised to the boiling point. 



As soon as the first bubble appears upon the surface, the 

 fire is extinguished ; a thick coat of scum forms upon the 

 surface of the liquor, and is removed at the end of three 

 quarters of an hour. 



The liquor is filtered through a coarse, thick, rough cloth : 

 if the first portion that passes through be not perfectly clear, 

 it is to be thrown again upon the filter, and this operation is 

 repeated till the liquor appears completely limpid and free 

 from any floating particles. As soon as the liquor is perfect- 

 ly clear, it is boiled ; five or six boilings being formed with 

 the product of the clarification. 



The several boilings are thrown into the cooler as fast 

 as they are completed, and frora thence into the moulds 

 four, which can contain 5^ gallons each. These opera- 

 tions are conducted in the same manner as those which I 

 have described in speaking of brown sugar, but with this 

 difference, that the sugar contained in the moulds is stirred 

 and moved at two different times before it is taken in the 

 mass. ^ 



After three days the moulds are placed upon the pots 

 into which the molasses drains, and at the end of eight 

 more, they are removed to the second pots, where the 

 whitening is to be performed. 



ARTICLE IL 



On Whitening Sugar. 



The clarified sugar is dry, of a yellow color, varying 

 considerably in the depth of its hue; the taste is mild 

 and sweet. The process of bleaching removes from it the 



* I have noticed that the whiles of eggs coagulate at a degree of 

 heat between 30'-^ and 35° of Reaumur, (= 122° and 133^° Fahr.) 

 At that degree, I have proceeded to clarification. In some man- 

 ufactories I have observed that the whites of eggs were added at 

 the moment of ebullition ; but in this case they are immediately 

 coagulated, and the clarification being only partial, the sugar comes 



