HISTORY OF CLASSIFICATION OF AMPHIBIA. 43 



Class Batrachia — Continued. 

 Order Anura — Continued. 



Gastrechmia. (Gastrechmia, Cope, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia., n.s., vi, 198, 1867.) 



Family: HemisideB. 

 Bufoniformia. (Bufoniformia, Dum6ril et Bibron, partim; Cope, partim.) 



Families: Rhinophrynidw, Bufonidw, Batrachophrynidw. 

 Aglossa. 



Family: Pipidw. 

 Odontaglossa. 



Family: Daciylethridce. 

 Arcifera. (Arcifera, Cope, N. H. Rev., v, 104, 1865.) 



Families: Cystignathidce, HemiphractidcB, HylidcB, ScaphiopidcB, Pelodytidce, Astero- 

 phrydidce, DiscoglossidcB. 

 Order Stegocephali. (Stegocephali Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 1868, 209.) 

 Labyrinthodontia. 



Families: BaphetidcB Cope, Antkracosauridce Cope. 

 Ganocephala. 



Family : Colosteidw Cope. 

 Microsauria. 



Families: Phkgethontiidw Cope, Molgophidce Cope, Ptyoniidce Cope, Tuditanidm Cope, 

 PeliantidcB Cope. 

 Order Gymnophiona. (Gymnophiona MuUer.) 



Family: Coeciliidcs Gray, 1850. 

 Order Urodela. 



Families: Pleurodelidw Gray, 1858; Salamandridw Gray, 1858; HynobiidcB Cope, 1866; 

 DestnognathidcB Cope, 1866; Thoriidce Cope, 1869; Plethodontidce Cope, 

 1866; AmblystomidcB Cope, 1866; Menopotnidce {Protonopsidce Gray, 

 i&S°) , Amphiumidw Cope, 1866; CocytintdcB Cope. 

 Order Proteida. 



Family: Proteidw Gray, 1850. 

 Order Trachystomata. 



Family: Sirenidw Gray, 1850. 



In 1885 Cope proposed 2 new orders, which he arranges with the other orders 



already known, as follows: 



Order I. Rachitomi. Order V. Urodela. 



Order II. Embolomeri. Order VI. Trachystomata. 



Order III. Stegocephali. Order VII. Anura. 



Order IV. Proteida. 



Batrachia. 



The new order Rachitomi was to include forms like Eryops and the new order 

 Embolomeri was to include forms like Cricotus; the other orders were as they had 

 been given before. 



Zittel in 1888 proposed (642) the next classification of any note in his "Hand- 



buch der Paleontologie," where it stands as follows: 



Classe Amphibia. 



Ordnung i. Stegocephali. Ordnung 3. Urodela. 



Unterordnimg i. Lepospondyli. Unterordnung i. Ichthyoidea. 



Familie i. BranchiosauridcB Ynisch. Familie i. Phanerobranchia. 



" 2. Microsauria Dawson. " 2. Cryptobranchia. 



" 3. Aistopoda Miall. Unterordnimg 2. Salamandrina. 



Unterordnung 2. Temnospondyli. Ordnung 4. Anura. 



Genera: Archegosaurus, Eryops, etc. Unterordnung i. Phaneroglossa. 



Unterordnimg 3. Stereospondyli. Familie i. Ranidw. 



Familie i. Gastrolepidoti. " 2. Bufonidce. 



" 2. Labyrinthodonta. " 3. Cystignathidte Cope. 



Ordnung 2. Coeciliae. " 4. Pelobatidce Boul. 



" 5. DiscoglossidcB Cope. 

 " 6. PaUeobatrachidcB Cope. 



