118 CONTINUOUS CROPPING 



should be given to the hardier varieties of winter 

 greens, such as thousand-headed, marrow-stem, and 

 Labrador kales, and rye. 



The "winter greens " will give feeding at the same 

 time as the winter pasture ; in fact, these crops form a 

 second winter pasture. In addition the *' winter-green ** 

 pasture is intended to provide summer feeding as well. 

 All the varieties of kales mentioned, and the rye 

 will continue to give a second, third, and fourth growth, 

 if they are kept from flowering by constant grazing. 

 In other words, these crops are not really annuals, as 

 the text-books say, or rather they can be converted 

 into biennials by simply keeping them from flowering. 



During the third summer, as the different sections 

 of the *' winter-green pasture " have been finally grazed 

 down, the land can be re-tilled and sown with mixed 

 vetches and grass seeds. On these hill lands the 

 sowing of this crop should be completed, say, by mid- 

 August, so that the land is nicely covered in by late 

 September or late October. It should then be eaten 

 down fairly bare before the winter sets in. 



EARLY SOWING ESSENTIAL 



The early sowing of the tares and the subsequent 

 grazing down of the crop in hill districts is very 

 important. The object is to get a good root growtli 

 established before winter sets in. If the sowing is 

 delayed until, say, October or early November, the 

 weak growth resulting is not able to withstand the 

 winter. 



A second advantage of early sowing is that the grass 

 seeds are given a good chance to become estabhshed. 



In passing, it may be mentioned that the tempera- 

 ture on an elevated land is much lower than near the 

 sea level. The decline in temperature is about one 



