36 THE SMALL COUNTRY PLACE 



Slate Shingles. 



If one can afford the expense, slate shingles are more 

 durable and cheaper in the end if well laid. It is the 

 practice in some localities to lay slate shingles over old 

 wood shingles. If the latter are fairly good and all in 

 place this makes a much warmer roof, and is to be 

 recommended. Should the old lining-boards be rough 

 and uneven when the old shingles are removed, two 

 thicknesses of ordinary building paper will enable slate 

 shingles to be safely laid. 



Iron and Steel Roofing. 



Iron and steel roofing materials are being offered at a 

 very low price, but most of them last only a short time, 

 rusting out quickly when exposed to the weather. If 

 these roofings are thoroughly painted on the under side 

 before laying and given a heavy coat of paint on the 

 outside every two or three years they make a fairly sat- 

 isfactory roof. 



Heavy tin and thickly galvanized iron or steel make 

 more serviceable roofs than the above. 



Inside Conveniences; Water. 



Nothing adds so much to the economy of housework 

 and comfortable living as an abundance of water, sup- 

 plied without the labor of pumping or carrying it. 

 Running water from springs or some town or city supply 

 is the most satisfactory. When this is not available, the 

 supply may be forced into an elevated tank by wind- 

 mill, ram or gasoline engine. When there is a never- 

 failing small stream with sufficient fall the hydraulic 

 ram is very satisfactory. 



For many years past windmills have been largely 

 used to force water into the supply-tanks, but most of 



