38 THE SMALL COUNTRY PLACE 



severe weather. If a very large amount of foul matter is 

 going through the trap it will soon become unsafe and 

 should be cleaned at short intervals. A vent-pipe for the 

 escape of gases from below the trap should be put in, in 

 all cases. Cisterns and cesspools should be cleaned out at 

 least once each year and the latter more frequently if 

 necessary. Where the cesspool is in springy soil an 

 overflow pipe should be put in a little below this pipe 

 so that the flow into it may not become clogged with 

 solid matter which generally rises to the surface. 



BAY AND DORMER WINDOWS, PORCHES, VERANDAS, 

 PIAZZAS, ETC. 



Many old country houses have been very much im- 

 proved and beautified by some of the above-mentioned 

 features. Thus a dark, poorly lighted room may often 

 be made light and sunny by the addition of a project- 

 ing or bay window from the side or end. If upon the 

 north, the projection may be such as to catch the sun's 

 rays morning and evening. If upon the south, and the 

 space is not otherwise needed, it may serve as a con- 

 servatory where the house plants can be cared for with 

 but little effort. Dormer windows may often be put into 

 the roof (see Fig. 2) in such a way as to make additional 

 rooms in the attic that are well lighted and sunny. 

 Covered porches and storm-doors add much to the com- 

 fort of the family in stormy weather and may be made 

 to add beauty to the house as well. 



Piazzas and verandas are often a great luxury. 

 On the north in summer and the south side in the 

 winter they afford quiet resting-places for invalids or 

 those wearied by toil of any kind. These need not 

 .be expensive structures. A simple, light, but strong 

 frame covered with sound boards and tin planed and 

 beaded on the under side so that they may be neatly 



