154 THE SMALL COUNTRY PLACE 



and killing them with a knife. The older borers must be 

 killed with a flexible wire forced into their holes. If, 

 however, all of the young borers are destroyed in May 

 and September there will be no large ones to kill in this 

 way. 



All holes made by the escaping insects should be filled 

 with putty or thick paint to prevent decay of the wood 

 around the injured parts. The San Jose scale in some 

 sections is proving a serious menace to apple growing. 

 It is destroyed by the lime and sulphur mixture and by 

 some of the soluble oils. For further directions for the 

 control of these pests see bulletins of experiment 

 stations. 



Blights, Rusts, Scab, Etc. 



Of the many fungous pests injuring the apple, the scab, 

 a dark olive growth on the surface of the fruit, is the most 

 destructive. This growth comes upon the leaves and 

 fruit at any time from May to October, when we have 

 much moist, cool weather. It is destroyed by the Bor- 

 deaux mixture. The two sprayings for the codling moth 

 early in the season will prevent the growth of the scab, 

 after which we must spray about the last of July and the 

 last of August. When the weather is wet at picking time 

 it is sometimes necessary to spray just before picking to 

 prevent the growth of .the scab in the barrels. 



DWARF APPLES. 



Some twenty-five or thirty years ago much interest was 

 manifested in Dwarf Apples. Everybody was going to 

 plant their front yards, back yards, -and all the waste 

 places about their homes, and have apples for home use 

 and for sale. These trees were grafted upon a slow- 

 growing stock called Doucin and Paradise. 



Many trees were sold by nurserymen and planted in 



