PEARS, PEACHES, QUINCES, ETC. 175 



Jarring must be kept up every day or every other day 

 for about two weeks from the time the plums are the 

 size of a small pea. 



Another method which has proved effectual in large 

 orchards is spraying with the Bordeaux mixture and 

 Paris green, as described for the codling moth (page 153), 

 just before the flowers open, after the petals have fallen, 

 and twice after, at intervals of a week or ten days. 

 When all orchard trees are sprayed as above, most of 

 these insects are destroyed or driven away. When all 

 the orchards of a neighborhood are occupied by large 

 numbers of poultry, nearly all insects like the above are 

 sure to be destroyed, but where only a few trees are 

 enclosed in a yard the insects will come in from the 

 outside. 



Fungous Diseases. 



The "black knot," leaf blight, and monilia or brown 

 fruit-rot are three very troublesome pests. The black 

 knot is a fungus that grows upon the branches, causing 

 unsightly black excrescences or warts. It often appears 

 in such numbers as to kill entire trees. To destroy this 

 pest the knots should be cut off as soon as they appear, 

 cutting off small branches affected or paring off the wart 

 when on the trunk or main branches. Painting the wart 

 with thick linseed-oil paint in which a little kerosene has 

 been mixed will also help to stop its progress. On se- 

 verely infested trees the whole head may be cut off, 

 leaving only short stubs, when a new growth of shoots 

 will come out and renew the tree. The spraying recom- 

 mended for the plum curculio will reduce the number 

 very materially, though all of the trees in a neighbor- 

 hood must be sprayed, or the spores of the fungus will 

 be carried from the unsprayed trees to those that have 

 been sprayed. 



