184 THE SMALL COUNTRY PLACE 



with moist soil closely packed against all parts. They 

 may also be kept in moist sawdust upon ice. They are 

 planted in rows any desired distance apart, the cuttings 

 being about two inches apart in the row, the soil pressed 

 very closely about the base, and the end bud a half inch 

 below the surface. 



Layering is a very satisfactory method of increasing 

 the vine. The spring layer consists in first digging a 

 trench about six inches deep close up under the vines, 

 where lateral canes can be bent into it. In this trench 

 are placed canes of last season's growth, held in place by 

 stones or forked sticks. When the buds along this cane 

 have grown from four to six inches long, rich soil is 

 packed firmly about them, when roots will start, and at 

 the end of the season we will have as many well-rooted 

 vines as there are shoots that grew on the cane laid 

 down. Summer layers are made about July ist, by 

 laying down canes of the present season's growth and 

 covering with moist rich soil; at the end of the season 

 we will have as many rooted vines as were canes laid 

 down. Layered vines may be dug in the fall and planted, 

 or left until spring, as may be most convenient. 



In the vineyard, vines are grown from six by eight to 

 eight by ten feet apart, according to the variety and 

 method of training. The best vines for vineyard growth 

 are strong one-year-old No. i. These should have but 

 one cane, cut back to two or three buds, and the roots 

 shortened to about six inches. In planting, the roots 

 are spread out over a cone or ridge of soil, or on the side 

 of a trench, the base of the cane being covered with 

 only two or three inches of soil, but the roots running 

 full depth into the soil. Press the soil firmly about the 

 roots and place a stake at each one on the north side. 

 The first year any hoed crops like beans, peas, potatoes, 

 beets, carrots, etc., may be grown on the land, taking 



