THE BUSH FRUITS 201 



again brought up against any canes that may have grown 

 outside the wire. This support is a great help in pick- 

 ing the fruit, which can be done more comfortably. 

 No. 14 galvanized wire is large enough for this purpose, 

 and if of good quality, well galvanized, will last from 

 ten to twenty years. Posts or stakes for this support 

 will last but six to eight years. Chestnut, cedar, locust 

 and catalpa make durable stakes. 



Under favorable conditions raspberry and blackberry 

 plantations will continue profitable for a great many 

 years, but as a rule the greatest profit will be obtained 

 if a new plantation is made every six or eight years. 



Insects and Diseases. 



Neither the red raspberry or blackberry is often se- 

 riously injured by insects, but the black-cap is often 

 nearly destroyed by the " cane-girdler. " This insect 

 cuts a ring around the new canes soon after they start 

 from the ground and lays an egg below the cut. When 

 this egg hatches the cane breaks off and the young 

 larva has a large supply of food from the girdled place. 

 It continues to feed downward, often going into the 

 roots and thus destroying the entire plant. The rem- 

 edy is to cut off the end of the girdled cane half an inch 

 to an inch below the girdling as soon as it begins to wilt, 

 and burn it. 



A leaf blight attacks the raspberries in wet, hot 

 weather, especially when the plants are not growing 

 vigorously, often causing all but two or three of the 

 leaves on the ends of the canes to fall before ripening. 

 The "spring" orange rust often attacks the leaves of 

 some varieties of the blackberry, developing large 

 masses of beautiful orange spores in the early summer. 

 This generally kills the canes attacked and when dis- 

 covered the infested stalks should be cut out at once 



