The Three Secretaries 233 



land in the world devoted to such uses. His contributions to 

 science during his Secretaryship will also always be asso- 

 ciated with his career at the Smithsonian, though they have 

 been necessarily subordinated to administrative duties which 

 are the principal occupation of the Secretary. 



VII. 



MR. LANGIEY'S contributions to science have been numerous. 

 They have been published in the transactions ot various 

 learned societies and in the scientific journals, especially the 

 Comptes Rendus of the French Academy of Sciences and 

 the American Journal of Science. 



He published a series of articles in The Century Ma- 

 gazine in 1884 and 1886 upon astrophysical research, based 

 upon a series of lectures delivered by him at the Lowell In- 

 stitute in Boston in 1883. These articles have since been re- 

 published under the title of "The New Astronomy," which is 

 one of the most successful of modern scientific books written 

 in popular style. 



Mr. Langley is a correspondent of the French Institute (in 

 the Academy of Sciences), a foreign member of the Royal So- 

 ciety of London, a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society 

 of London, a member of the National Academy of Sciences, 

 and of numerous other foreign and American scientific bodies. 

 In 1878 he was made Vice-President of Section A of the 

 American Association for the Advancement of Science, and 

 in 1886 was elected President of that association, delivering 

 the presidential address at the Cleveland meeting in 1888, en- 

 titled the "History of a Doctrine." He has received numer- 

 ous degrees from universities, among them that of LL. D. 

 from the University of Wisconsin in 1882, the University of 

 Michigan in 1883, from Harvard University in 1886, and 



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