784 The Smithsonian Institution 



Regions," and "The Present Standpoint of Geography," by the 

 well-known English geographer, Clements R. Markham; "The 

 Renewal of Antarctic Exploration," by another celebrated 

 English geographer, John Murray; "The Mediterranean, 

 Physical and Historical," by R. L. Playfair; "Development of 

 the Cartography of America up to the year 1 570," by S. Ruge; 

 "Geographical Latitude," by W. B. Scaife; "The North Polar 

 Basin," by Henry Seebohm; "Physical Condition of the 

 Ocean," by W. J. L. Wharton; "How Maps are Made," by 

 H. O. Blakie; "Antarctica, a Vanished Austral Land," by 

 W. B. Forbes; "Antarctic Explorations," by G. S. Griffiths; 

 "Evolution of Commerce" and "The Relations of Air and 

 Water to Temperature and Life," by Gardiner G. Hubbard; 

 "Stanley and the Map of Africa," by J. S. Kelte. 



A compilation of data regarding altitudes in the United 

 States was first undertaken by the Institution. A generation 

 ago attempts were made by it to obtain profiles of the railroads 

 of the country, and great progress had been made in this work 

 when it was taken up on the one hand by the Signal Office, 

 and on the other by the Hayden Survey, and since carried 

 forward by that organization and its successor, the present 

 Geological Survey. The only outcome of this collection of 

 altitudes made by the Institution is the production of a small 

 hypsometric map of the United States, prepared by Charles 

 A. Schott, and published in the United States Statistical 

 Atlas of 1874. 



Many maps have been published by the Institution, but in 

 practically all cases they are embodied in reports which they 

 serve to illustrate, and therefore require no separate mention. 



