IO SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 56 



grounds. The ware also reminds one of some of the more northern 

 types (pis. i, 3, and 4). 



In several of the more inland cemeteries, on the other hand, the 

 differentiation of form in pottery and also its fineness have reached 

 a high level. Finally, graves which appear to be more modern yield 

 especially vessels with large, flaring borders characteristically decor- 

 ated in red with various figures, some of which represent natural 

 objects, as animals, warriors, etc., while others are apparently of 

 complex symbolic meaning. Two graves, which yielded undeformed 

 dolichocephalic skulls, contained highly ornamented pottery which 

 probably belongs to the last mentioned period (pi. 2). 



CONCLUSIONS 



Although the detailed study of the large series of specimens col- 

 lected about Pachacamac and in the district of Trujillo will un- 

 doubtedly bring out numerous points which can scarcely as yet be 

 foreseen, it is nevertheless possible from the preliminary examina- 

 tion of the material to state certain important facts bearing on the 

 anthropology of the people represented by the collections. 



In the first place, it can now be positively stated that the whole 

 coast of Peru, at least from Pisco, well south of Pachacamac, to 

 Pacasmayo, north of the valley of Chicama, was peopled by one and 

 the same type of natives, the brachycephalic Indian of moderate 

 stature. This bears out to a large extent the statement of Calancha 

 (Vol. 2, chap. 29), that "the people of the coast, the Yungas, the 

 dwellers of the plain and of the sandy desert, extended over all the 

 district from Piura to Arica, 300 leagues in length and from 12 to 15 

 in breadth, according to the width of the coast land." 



Chronologically, the earliest people in these regions were evidently 

 those whose remains are found in the huacas and in some of the 

 cemeteries where the pottery is of simpler, though often interesting 

 forms. In these cemeteries metal is scarce and is principally gold. 



These people were followed by others of the same fundamental 

 physical type, but of modified habits, shown in part by the pro- 

 nounced occipital head fiattenings, which indicates the use of cradle- 

 boards to which the infant was tied for a prolonged period, and 

 especially in the frequent practice of the intentional fronto-occipital 

 skull deformation. These deformations represent apparently a 

 change of habits with the times, or the immigration of people with 

 such customs, rather than a manifestation of caste, though this may 

 not have been without influence. Belonging to this period are large 



