NO. l6 EXPLORATION IN PERU HRDLICKA 9 



From the standpoint of physical anthropology, the examination 

 of the skeletal material from the cemeteries in the district of Chi- 

 quitoi, and in the rest of the valley of Chicama, proved exceed- 

 ingly interesting, for the majority of the people were found to have 

 been of exactly the same type as those of the region of Pachacamac, 

 that is, moderate in stature and brachycephalic. 



However, it also became evident that the valley of Chicama was 

 peopled, in the course of time, by more than one tribe of natives, 

 though all or nearly all such tribes belonged probably to the same 

 original stock. In some of the cemeteries were found only the 

 undeformed and brachycephalic skulls, with those showing the 

 accidental occipital flattening. In others there were a great pre- 

 ponderance of crania with highly developed occipital flattening and, 

 mixed with these, were individuals with the fronto-occipital, or 

 " flathead," intentional deformation. Finally, besides all these, and 

 as at Pachacamac, there were encountered now and then individuals, 

 or little groups of burials, with the dolichocephalic cranial type. 

 The skulls of these were undeformed, or merely accidentally flat- 

 tened in the occiput. 



The more modern nature of some of the cemeteries and burials 

 was shown especially by the pottery. In two examples in particular 

 a vessel was seen which represented clearly conditions known only 

 after the Spanish invasion. 



There was again not a single skull which presented the Aymara 

 type of deformation. It is certain that the Aymara proper did not 

 reach either this valley or Pachacamac, either as pilgrims or as 

 settlers after the conquering Incas. Squier mentions 1 having seen 

 some skulls with the Aymara deformation, possibly the remains of 

 soldiers, about the " Castillo " at Chan-chan, but the many ordinary 

 cemeteries examined by the writer failed to show any such instances. 



One or two facts were learned of special interest to archeology. 

 Although only very limited excavations were undertaken, it was 

 nevertheless possible to observe an association of certain types of 

 pottery with definite types of people ; and there is also a strong 

 probability that differences in pottery existed at different periods of 

 occupation of the valley. In general, the huacas and cemeteries near 

 the sea and belonging to the original people of the valley, the old 

 coast brachycephals, show pottery of simpler forms and more 

 sombre colors than that found in some of the more inland burial 



1 Squier, E. G. Peru. 8. New York, 1877, P- 123. 



