6 



SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 56 



a burial place containing some 90 graves. Forty-six skulls were 

 actually discovered. Objects unearthed with the burials showed 

 pure Cuzco forms of culture. All persons interred in this cemetery 

 were women, and none of these had died a natural death, but were 

 victims of strangulation. All were adults ; one of the skulls showed 

 gray hair. It is probable that the victims were strangled as sacri- 

 fices to the deity of the temple. 



The people buried at Pachacamac were in general of moderate 

 stature and physical development, with shorter and weaker indi- 

 viduals not infrequent. 



The crania belong very largely to the brachycephalic type. An 

 unusually high percentage, for Peru, of the crania are free from 

 deformation and show their type perfectly. 



The majority of the skulls present either simple occipital, or a 

 fronto-occipital artificial compression, either of which, ho'wever, 

 was seldom extreme and such as to prevent the recognition of the 

 real type of the skull. Deformed crania were particularly frequent 

 in the large burial ground in front, that is north, of the old temple 

 (that of Pachacamac). 



Besides the more rounded skulls there were found, particularly 

 in tront of the old temple, some crania purely dolichocephalic. 

 These were plainly strangers to the original population, visitors or 

 invaders, in all probability part of the Inca Peruvians. The ma- 

 jority of these narrower skulls were without any deformation, while 

 a few showed some occipital compression of accidental or cradle- 

 board origin. 



Absolutely no specimen was seen which presented the Aymara 

 type of deformation, which shows that these highland people did not 

 visit the Pachacamac temples, and were not among the conquerors 

 of the place. 



A number of submicrocephalic and even niicrocephalic but other- 

 wise normal crania were found. They have nothing in common 

 with the small skulls of our idiots. 



Finally, the long and other bones were found to offer many 

 features of interest, some of which will be touched upon before 

 the conclusion of this paper. 



CHAN-CHAN 1 (GRAND CHIMU) 



The second region visited by the writer exceeds probably in 

 importance even that of Pachacamac. This was the district of Tru- 



1 Term used among the local natives and probably more correct than 

 " Chimu." 



