8 ORCHARD FRUIT TREE CULTURE 



understand them, their life's history, their habits, nor their methods 

 of attack, as we should ; consequently most of our efforts have 

 been somewhat empiric, slow, cumbrous, experimental, and only 

 half successful. Even to-day we are still defied by some of the most 

 persistent and virulent among them, and, frankly as yet science 



FIG, 3. Paradise Stock 



is found wanting. This, however, is merely a matter of time and 

 illustrates our remarks at the opening of this chapter to the effect 

 that we cannot yet deal with problems with certitude or any degree 

 of finality. 



We were tremendously impressed by a statement recently made 

 by an eminent authority, and we refer to it in order to impress our 

 readers, that the female " blue bug " of our apple trees produces 



