2. POPULATION SIZE AND CONDITION: There are no exact 



population estimates for Juncus hallii in Montana. 

 At three of the sites the species is cited as 

 being common, very common, or abundant. Although 

 J. hallii was reported in 1983 as being common at 

 the Needles site, in 1992 J. hallii was sparsely- 

 scattered over less than an acre, only accounting 

 for about 1% of the graminoid cover. This does 

 not necessarily represent a decline in the 

 population. Because the Needles site is a 

 wetlands complex, the different population 

 estimates may be the result of being at different 

 sloughs. 



3. REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY 



a. TYPE OF REPRODUCTION: Assumed to be sexual. 



b. POLLINATION BIOLOGY: Assumed to be wind- 



pollinated. 



c. SEED DISPERSAL AND BIOLOGY: It is assumed that 



the seeds would fall to the ground near the 

 parent plant. 



d. PHYLOGENY AND SPECIATION: Unknown. 

 G. POPULATION ECOLOGY 



1. BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS 



a. COMPETITION: Juncus hallii grows in sedge 



meadows or moist grasslands where the 

 herbaceous cover is dense. However all of 

 the sites are open without tree or shrub 

 cover. Thus although J. hallii may be able 

 to compete within the dense, yet relatively 

 short herbaceous layer, it does not tolerate 

 the shade of taller plants. 



b. HERBIVORY: Unknown. 



II. ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS 



A. THREATS TO CURRENTLY KNOWN POPULATIONS: None observed. 



B. MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND RESPONSE: None known. 



C. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MAINTAINING VIABLE POPULATIONS: 



Juncus hallii is dependent upon mesic conditions such 

 as those at the Needles site. Any activity which would 

 alter or destroy the hydrology of this area would have 



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