15 



trees to break off the morning sun after a frost, as it is the sudden 

 thawing more than the freeze which kills the trees. Trees intended for 

 shelter should be of habits the opposite of those of the orange. You 

 wish the orange to have low spreading branches. Select as their pro- 

 tectors trees so tall that their lower branches will not interfere with the 

 foliage of the orange. The orange tree sends most of its roots near the 

 surface of the ground. Select as their protectors trees that send their 

 roots deep. I have noticed several varieties of live oak in the State. 

 Only one of these is in the habit of sending its roots deep into the soil. 

 Whenever I have found this variety growing I could plant the orange 

 close to its trunk without damage to the orange. The persimon has 

 this habit of deep feeding, but unfortunately it drops its foliage in the 

 Winter. The pine has this habit only when grown in a well drained 

 soil. There are some individual trees whose habits are an exception to 

 the general habits of the variety. These can soon be discovered by 

 the use of the spade or hoe. But if trees without surface feeders 

 cannot be found, then select trees with other desirable qualities and cut 

 the surface roots by a trench ten or twelve inches deep a few feet from 

 and around the base. After those trees have been selected and 

 marked which you wish to remain, you can now cut next such trees as 

 can be felled without damage to the standing orang'e trees. The work 

 thns far should be done during the Fa 11 or Winter, so as to be ready 

 for the Spring and Summer work which is to follow. 



In early Spring, before the new growth of the orange has started, 

 begin to saw off the limbs, if they branch near the ground, of the 

 orange trees, taking off all the top. If the trunks are long, cut off the 

 tree, leaving about two and a half feet of stump. Immediately ^follow- 

 ing, fell the balance of the forest trees that are to be cut. 



So soon as the sap begins to flow freely and the bark break by the 

 springing of new shoots, insert sweet "sprig" buds, ranging from the 

 top to six inches below the top of the stump, inserting four or more 

 buds to the tree. I have sometimes hastened the development of the 

 bud by inserting the bud before cutting off the top, if the sap was flow- 

 ing freely, and so soon as the bud was known to be living then cutting 

 oft" the top. But this has been with trees standing apart from others. 

 Where they stand thickly, as is generally the case in the wild grove, 



