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as possible. One great cause of failure has arisen from keeping them 

 out of the ground too long and allowing the roots to be exposed to 

 wind and sun. 



In setting have the holes freshly dug. Do not allow the soil to 

 dry before it is replaced around the roots. Dig the holes, for resetting, 

 live feet wide and ten or twelve inches deep. If the holes are dug too 

 deep it is almost impossible to keep the tree from sinking too deep in 

 its position, as the the fresh soil settles. In the center of the hole dig 

 a deeper hole the width of the spade for the tap-root. With a sharp 

 knife, and where the roots are too large for the knife, with a sharp saw 

 with fine teeth, cut away all fractures and bruises from the ends of 

 roots. So set the tree that it will stand, after the soil has been settled 

 by showers, a little higher than it stood in its original bed. It had 

 better be higher by two inches than lower by one inch than it origi- 

 nally grew, You cannot be too cautious at this point. If the tree is 

 set too deep, it may live 1 , but it will not flourish for some time. It may 

 be not for years, but certainly not till it has sent out fresh surface roots 

 to take the place of those which have been smothered by having been 

 buried too deeply. The tree having been put in position, replace the 

 soil, packing it first firmly around the tap-root. Now press down the 

 ends of the laterals so that they will have a slight dip and fill in with 

 soil, treading it firmly upon the roots. Finally cover over with two 

 inches of light soil and leave the ground level. When the ground 

 is sufficiently wet it is not necessary to use water. But if the ground 

 is dry use enough water to settle the soil firmly around the roots, and 

 especially around the tap-root, but do not wet the top layer of earth. 

 I prefer planting after showers to using water. If the planting is 

 done in Spring or Summer mulch at once with one or two inches of 

 litter, and if the trees have been set in the open ground shelter them 

 from the sun by setting a pine bough to the south of the tree. If the 

 stumps have been taken from a dry soil the above is sufficient to insure 

 their living, but if taken from a very wet soil, be careful to keep the 

 ground moist till the new roots have well started and penetrated well 

 into the soil. The stump should be cut off two and a half feet high. If 

 the stumps have been budded and the buds have grown to considerable 

 length, cut them back, leaving here and there a few leaves to direct 



