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of young shoots die back as certainly as if they had been cut from the 

 older wood. I have occasionally dug up trees so afflicted and found 

 them wanting in new roots. The remedy is to reset, or else take away 

 the top soil till the lateral roots are brought near the surface and to 

 keep the soil well cultivated. The better plan is to take them up and 

 reset them. Cut away all diseased wood and roots. When the 

 extremities of roots of trees come in contact with poisonous earth a 

 similar symptom is produced, as in planting upon hard-pan or over a 

 stratum of salt earth. 



Rust on the orange (fijjuit ) has been a considerable cause of annoy- 

 ance to some growers, because it mars the beauty of the fruit, though it 

 does not affect its sweetness, nor its flavor. It is a disease confined 

 exclusively to the outer skin. Whether it is a true rust or is simply an 

 absence of the essential oil so abundant in the peel of the yellow fruit, 

 the writer is not fully satisfied though inclining to the latter opinion. 

 Fruit so affected has one advantage. It keeps longer than that envel- 

 oped in the lighter and more oily skin. The writer has had no diffi- 

 culty in removing this disease. At different times and on different 

 trees he has changed, in a single year, the color of the fruit from a 

 dark-brown to a bright-yellow and smooth skin, by the application of 

 slacked lime, from oyster shells, as before noticed. Whether the lime 

 acts as a corrective of a disease, or whether its presence was needed 

 in the soil for the perfecting of the fruit, or whether it absorbed 

 carbonic acid and so furnished the additional amount of carbon nec- 

 essary for the manufacture of the essential oil by the tree, the writer 

 knows not. But the fact of benefit is not doubted. 



Where moss appears on the trunks of trees, it is easily removed 

 by any alkali wash. Soap suds, or what is better, wood ashes, will 

 both fertilize and cleanse. 



The cracking of the fruit is occasioned by any suspension of the 

 growth of the fruit, and a consequent hardening of the rind followed by 

 a sudden flow of sap from any stimulating cause, as highly fertilizing 

 a bearing grove, especially during Summer, or a wet spell following a 

 dry. This cracking is more apt to follow the rains, if trees have been 

 highly manured even in Winter. This can be prevented by keeping 

 the ground well stirred during dry weather. The soil thus stirred, 

 absorbs moisture and keeps the fruit growing. 



