222 TREATMENT OF THE 



ten months before it is designed to plant the 

 trees in it, and be turned over three or 

 four times; also well broken or chopped in 

 pieces. The border must be fully formed 

 for three months before the time of planting, 

 so that the soil may not settle much after- 

 . wards. Particular attention is required in 

 the formation of the substratum of the border. 

 ( See the Chapter on formation of fruit tree 

 borders.) 



I shall first treat of trees cultivated against 

 an open wall : 



The tree must be a maiden plant of the first 

 year after being worked. (It must be pruned 

 previous to planting, planted, mulched, and 

 watered, agreeably to the instructions laid 

 down in the respective Chapters upon each.) 

 The trees must be planted twenty-one feet 

 apart for a wall twelve feet high. This dis- 

 tance will allow the trees to grow for many 

 years without requiring to prune back in any 

 considerable degree the leads of the branches; 

 which would be necessary (if the trees were 

 planted much nigher,) in order to prevent the 

 branches from intersecting one an other, other- 

 wise the trees would be injured threby. Also 

 to shorten in any great measure the leading 

 shoots of branches is very injurious, for such 

 trees seldom prosper for many years after 

 such a system is commenced. (See farther 

 remarks upon the subject at the latter end of this 

 Chapter.) The best mode in which to train 



