DISTANCES TO BE OBSERVED IN PLANTING. 239 



be trained to occupy it, or it can be sown with lentiles, beans, 

 barley, turnips, &c. When it is desired in a warm climate to 

 have abundance of wine without exhausting the soil, the vines 

 must be placed at a greater distance, six, eight, and even ten 

 feet apart, and they can be ranged in parallel rows, with the 

 branches trained horizontally in the line of the rows, by means 

 of poles fixed in the ranges of the vines. It is also an excellent 

 method, where it is desirable to raise grain, and other articles 

 on the same ground to plant the vines in ranges, at the distance 

 of twenty or thirty feet, for not only do they produce excellent 

 wine, and abundant crops, but in hot climates the vines trained 

 in palisades shelter and increase the productions of the in- 

 tervening spaces. It is now well understood, that the more 

 space the vine is allowed whence to derive its nourishment, 

 with the more air and more sun ; the greater will be the ad- 

 tantages derived from it, in addition to which it requires less 

 labour. The warmer the climate, the greater the distance 

 at which vines should be placed from each other. In the 

 neighbourhood of Paris, which is one of the most northern 

 localities of vineyards, they plant them but two feet apart, 

 which is the least possible distance that should ever be allowed. 



In the detail of the different modes of culture pursued in the 

 respective vineyards of France, I shall state the distance gene- 

 rally adopted in each. 



In Italy, the vines are left to mount the trees, but although 

 this culture may suit a climate so hot, that the shade of the 

 branches will not prevent the ripening of the grapes, still it 

 is unsuitable to more northern locations, where vines so trained 

 could not mature their fruit, and consequently would not pro- 

 o!uce good wine ; indeed it is asserted that in every climate 

 where they are thus trained, the wine is inferior. 



The most simple manner of establishing a vineyard to be 

 cultivated in hautins, or high trained vines, is to plant trees 

 headed down to eight or ten feet, of about two inches in diame- 

 ter, and at two toises distance from each other, and when they 

 become established, to plant beside each tree from one to four 

 vines which are first trained on the branches, and are then led 



