260 VINEYARDS ON HILLS AND DECLIVITIES. 



degree, I think I have sufficiently shown in a communication 

 recently addressed to Dr. James Mease, of Philadelphia, and 

 which I shall shortly make known to the public. 



Upon small stocks which are about the size or but little 

 larger than the scion, whip or tongue grafting is found to be 

 preferable. Another method well calculated to ensure success, 

 is ingrafting by approach, which is performed in the same 

 manner on vines as on fruit trees. 



Vineyards on Hills and Declivities. 



Vines in France are rarely planted on the surface of the 

 soil, but in trenches differing both in breadth and depth, some- 

 times regular, parallel and longitudinal, running from one 

 en4 of the ground to the other, or transversal, and perpen- 

 dicular for the length of the piece of ground. There are a 

 great number of vineyards in France where the vines are na- 

 turally or by art, disposed in terraces rising one above the 

 other. Lasteyrie has figured in the second volume of his 

 work, entitled Collection of devices adopted in Agriculture, 

 a hill of Catalonia which is completely arranged in'terraces 

 for the culture of vines. This being considered the most 

 preferable mode, I will give explanations hereafter in what 

 manner they may be formed with little expense by the means 

 of transverse walls. Many vineyards which are located on 

 steep hills or mountains, have a wall of stones placed along 

 the lower side of each row, to keep the soil from washing ; 

 this is ah essential point, and where vineyards are so located, 

 must be considered a necessary part of the first cost of a pro- 

 per preparation ; and it is a general remark, that the more 

 stones in a vineyard the better, provided they are not a pre- 

 ventive to suitable culture. If stones are not to be had for 

 the above named purpose, logs of wood might be used. It is 

 much to be preferred however, that vineyards on hills and de- 

 clivities should be divided by terraces, made nearer to each 

 other in proportion to the steepness, and these not formed by 

 walls as is often the case, but by low hedges which prevent 

 the earth from being carried off by ordinary rains, without 



