The Cow Yard and Pasture 



mer should abandon it and provide a large 

 field connecting with the cow barn, and spa- 

 cious enough, first, to be used as a gathering 

 place at milking time, and in winter, as an 

 exercise ground, and, secondly, to give the 

 animals a fair chance to keep clean. This 

 large field has so much to do with the clean- 

 liness of the herd that it will surely be re- 

 quired, when dairy farmers are licensed by 

 the State. 



If a man will not dispense with the small 

 enclosure, at least he should keep it in a san- 

 itary condition, so that not only the herd, but 

 also the members of his family, may cross it 

 without suffering contamination. Such a 

 place is usually a quagmire, boasting of 

 sundry pools due to defective drainage or 

 formed by the overflow from the water 

 trough, with manure lying scattered about or 

 gathered in a huge heap, all of which attract 

 flies, which, besides a great irritation to 

 cows, are, with milk and water, the chief car- 

 riers of typhoid. Across this strong-smelling 

 area warm milk in uncovered pails will be 



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