40 THE CLIMATE OF AUSTRALASIA 



This effect is well shewn in the Indian Ocean, 

 in the case of the Somali coast, described by 

 Buchanan. 1 * There the summer is the coldest 

 time of the year, because at that season there is 

 an off-shore wind, which sucks up the ice-cold 

 water from the abysses of the Indian Ocean, 

 and thus chills the sea surface all along the 

 coast. 



CHAPTER V. IRREGULARITIES IN OCEANIC 

 CIRCULATION. , 



These causes are permanent in their action. 

 The oceans and continents always occupy the 

 same positions. The change from summer to 

 winter may disturb the wind, and produce very 

 different types of weather at different seasons 

 of the year. But as these causes are permanent, 

 they can affect only the climate, that is, the 

 constant average of the weather. They do not 

 explain the great difference between the weather 

 of different years. These causes determine 

 that generalized climate which meteorologists 

 give us out of tables, and not the weather that 

 we feel and know, which ruins crops by a 



*J. Y. Buchanan "On Similarities in Physical Geography of the 

 Great Oceans" in Proc. Royal Geog. Soc., Vol. VIII., 1886, pp. 

 733-768. 



