OCEANIC CONTROL OVER CLIMATE 43 



by the air moving across the Indian Ocean in 

 the latitude of 14 S., to less than one-half that 

 which it would have carried at the day the 

 Valdivia made its observations. Anything 

 that would cause the upwelling of the deep cold 

 water of the Indian Ocean to the surface, would 

 reduce the rain supply to the adjacent parts of 

 Australia by one-half. Such upwellings of cold 

 water are not improbable. The great pools of 

 green water which appear at intervals in the 

 Southern and Indian Oceans may be due to 

 this uprise of the deep Antarctic waters.* It 

 is certain that there is a great movement of 

 water from south to north off Western Australia ; 

 and as this water is flowing over a very uneven 

 floor, the movement of the water must be 

 irregular. Schott has pointed out, in connection 

 with the work of the Valdivia expedition, that 

 the movement of the ocean waters at great 

 depths is due to the movement of the waters 

 on the surface. Though this view has not 

 been generally held, it appears probable as a 

 corollary from the well-known hydro-dynamic 

 principle, that currents take advantage of the 

 whole of the cross section that is open to them. 

 We know, for example, that if a stream of 

 water enter a reservoir at a point on one side, 

 and escape at the opposite side, the stream will 

 not be confined to a simple straight line from 

 inlet to outlet ; the whole of the water in the 

 reservoir will in time, to some extent, take 



* Find Icy, The Indian Ocean Directory, 1871, pp. 91-2. 



