52 THE COCCIDAE 



These names are printed at the right-hand end of the last line of 

 certain paragraphs. If the specimen should agree with bb instead of 

 b, disregard the paragraphs under b and then determine in the same 

 way with which of the paragraphs under bb the specimen should 

 agree until the name of a subfamily is reached. If the specimen 

 should belong under aa instead of a, then all of the paragraphs 

 under a should be disregarded and the specimen compared with the 

 characterizations given under b and bb, c and cc, d and dd, etc. 

 of aa until its correct position has been determined. 



SUBFAMILIES OF COCCIDAE 



FIRST NYMPHAL STAGE 



a. Abdomen, even if consisting of only six segments, never with 

 caudal end chitinized, depressed, and forming a pygidium bearing 

 two large anal setae. 



b. Abdomen either with or without spiracles, but if with spiracles, 

 never with only a single pair located on the first segment; tibio- 

 tarsal sutures rarely obsolete, if so, body always with pilacerores. 

 c. Abdomen never longitudinally cleft at caudal end, forming 

 anal cleft with operculum on each side of cleft, if apparently 

 cleft, body always provided with octacerores. 

 d. Abdomen always without anal ring and anal ring setae. 



e. Abdomen with caudal and lateral margins fringed with 



chalazae; antennae distinctly clavate MONOPHLEBINAE. 



ee. Abdomen with caudal and lateral margins never fringed 

 with chalazae; antennae rarely clavate, usually not en- 

 larged, but setaceous, or at most only slightly clavate. 

 f. Prothoracic legs greatly enlarged with greatly swollen 

 femora and fitted for digging; first pair of abdominal 

 spiracles dorsal in position, other abdominal spiracles 



ventral in position. MARGAKODINAE. 



ff. Prothoracic legs never greatly enlarged with greatly 

 swollen femora and fitted for digging; abdominal 

 spiracles, when present, always with those of first seg- 

 ment on same aspect as those of other segments. 

 g. Abdomen never provided with anal lobes and anal 



Abdomen always provided with two or more pairs 

 of spiracles, some of them sometimes small and 

 inconspicuous; cuticle never provided with num- 

 erous short truncate setae. 



i. Abdomen, if with spiracles, always' with more 

 than three pairs; rostrum consisting of two 

 segments. 



j. Thorax with two pairs of spiracles which are 

 large and normal in size; ventro-meson of 



