SUBFAMILY CALLIPAPPINAE 97 



normal in form. They are articulated to the three large thoracic 

 segments about equidistant from each other and the two ends of 

 the body. The segmentation of the thorax and exposed abdominal 

 segments is distinctly marked by indentations in the lateral rim. 

 The female, after depositing her eggs in the marsupium, is very 

 different in appearance and it is this form with the swollen 

 abdomen that is usually described. There is a pad of wax excreted 

 from the ventral aspect of the thorax. This wax attaches the 

 female firmly to the bark of the tree upon which she is resting. 

 Her legs are spread out around the twig or leaf in such a way 

 that she has the appearance as Maskell states of apparently being 

 afraid that she will fall off from the twig. The surface of the 

 body is covered with white mealy wax with which is mixed some 

 flakes of wax and some short cottony threads of wax. 



The young female is figured by Signoret. The antennae 

 consist, according to this author and Fuller, of six segments. The 

 body has the lateral margin broadly convex and the two ends are 

 bluntly pointed. The abdomen is represented as containing the 

 full number of segments. The insect is figured as if in this stage 

 it was distinctly coccid-like in form, which the adult females are 

 not. The thoracic spiracles are figured by Signoret. The only 

 reference to the spiracles that has been found is the following 

 statement of Maskell dealing with a nymph of immanis. "In this 

 specimen there is a very small quantity of whitish cotton under the 

 anal region, and along the margin ; just below what I have called a 

 seam on the edge, are ten small circular specks of white, (five on 

 each side), which may mark the position of the spiracles." It is 

 probable that these represent the thoracic spiracles and a pair for 

 each of the three exposed abdominal segments. It is striking that 

 with insects so large in size, so bazarre in their structure, and so 

 peculiar in their habits that no one has made a careful detailed 

 study of one or all of the species. Even when and how the 

 marsupium is formed has not been described. The invagination 

 apparently takes place after the last molt. 



The adult male, which is about a quarter of an inch long, has 

 antennae of ten or eleven segments. The eyes are compound. 

 The ocelli are not mentioned in descriptions but are probably 

 present. The abdomen is distinctly segmented and without lateral 

 projections and the caudal segment bears a large brush of long 

 glassy filamentous threads of wax which are often spread out fan- 

 shaped, in some individuals three times as long as the body, 



