102 THE COCCIDAE 



stage differ from those of the first nymphal stage not only in the 

 presence of a large number of truncated setae but in their larger 

 size. The individuals of this stage are very similar to the adult 

 females. 



The nymphs of the males form cylindrical cocoons with equally 

 rounded ends of thick felted white wax. The adult male is dark 

 crimson in color. The antennae consist of ten segments, each 

 segment bearing short blunt tubercular setae. The caudal end of 

 the abdomen bears two long very slender filaments of wax. The 

 most striking feature is, as first pointed out by Newstead, the 

 presence of two segments in the tarsus of each leg. The distal or 

 second segment is as long as in the tarsi of all other coceids, but 

 in addition to this segment, there is a minute segment, longer on 

 the ventral aspect, between the second segment and the tibia. 



There seems to be a difference of opinion as to what name 

 shall be applied to the cochineal insects. Comstock and his predi- 

 cessors called it Coccus cacti Linnaeus, but Cockerell states that 

 some of the works cited by Linnaeus, as Reaumur, relate to the 

 true cochineal insect, "but the whole of the Linnean description 

 pertains to a monophlebid. The specimens described were col- 

 lected in the island of St. Eustache by Daniel Rolander, and sent 

 alive to Upsala in 1856. At the same time Rolander sent a number 

 in alcohol to De Geer, who (Mem., vol. VI, p. 449) gave a full 

 account of them with a figure." There is nothing in the account 

 of De Geer to show that the specimens he received were a part of 

 the collection sent to Linnaeus, whether it was sent at the same 

 time and whether it was the same species or not is not clear. De 

 Geer makes the following statement showing the source of his 

 knowledge as to the Linnean specimens: "comme le rapporte M. 

 de Linne." The evidence that the Coccus cacti of Linnaeus is not 

 one of the cochineal insects is not positive and so long as it can not 

 be proven that it is not, less confusion will result from the appli- 

 cation of the generic name Coccus to the cochineal insects and the 

 application of the name cacti to one of the species as has been 

 done on the following pages. There are two genera referred tc 

 this subfamily. It is considered that only one of these, Coccus, in 

 reality belongs here. The other genus is placed here tentatively. 

 They can be separated by means of the following table : 



GENERA OF COCCINAE 



a. Body of adult female bearing varying number of short truncate 

 setae; adult female and nymphal females without any trace of anal 



