106 THE COCCIDAE 



The female nymphs of all stages are provided with a rostrum and a 

 rostralis. The three pairs of legs are always present in all nymphal 

 stages and are similar in form. The profemora are never greatly en- 

 larged and the prothoracic legs are never fitted for digging. The body 

 is never provided with an anal cleft and opercula, anal lobes and anal 

 setae, octacerores or ceratubae. The anal ring is distinct and bears six 

 anal ring setae. The caudal end of the rectum is not chitinized, form- 

 ing a rectal tube provided with one or more rings of anacerores excret- 

 ing a long glassy tube of wax. The cuticle bears numerous pilacerores. 

 The caudal abdominal segment is short and narrow but not projecting. 



The male is provided with compound eyes and sometimes with three 

 ocelli. The abdomen is not provided with long lateral filaments, but 

 bears a delicate pencil of long slender threads of wax. The stylus is 

 small. 



The species of Orthezia are among if not the most beautiful 

 of all coccids. Their beauty depends upon the size and form of 

 the marsupium of the female and upon the size, complexity, and 

 arrangement of the plates or lamellae of wax associated with the 

 marsupium and attached to the dorsal aspect. The marsupium is 

 constructed of symmetrically arranged glistening white plates or 

 lamellae of wax, which are usually fused into a single tubular 

 structure which is carried by the caudal part of the abdomen of 

 the female. This tubular structure is attached to the abdomen 

 and is held in many species in a more or less elevated position, the 

 amount of elevation varying with the species. From this fact there 

 has been derived their common name of the Ensign Coccids, since 

 the movement of the marsupium when the insect is in motion 

 resembles the waving of an ensign. The marsupium is formed by 

 special groups of pilacerores located on the ventral aspect of the 

 abdomen. 



The pilacerores are peculiar to this subfamily. They are 

 ordinarily designated as spines or glandiferous spines, but spines 

 are large setae and all setae are provided with calices by which 

 they are articulated to the cuticle. The calices are always wanting 

 in these projections or pilacerores. There are generally a few 

 minute setae with calices distributed among and between the 

 groups of pilacerores. Each pilaceroris is a simple slender pro- 

 jection of the cuticle of the body-wall with a single opening, the 

 oraeeroris, at its distal end through which the wax is poured. That 

 this is their true structure is beautifully shown by the figures of 

 List. The pilacerores serve the double purpose of outlets for the 

 wax and as threads for holding the plates of wax to the body after 

 they have been excreted and become hard. 



There are in addition to the pilacerores of the ventral aspect, 



