152 THE COCCIDAE 



bears the anal ring ~and the ten anal ring setae located on six 

 cuticular plates. These plates bear numerous large cerores. The 

 cutieular periphery of the anal ring is bounded by projecting 

 spine-like processes. 



The body of the adult female during gestation is larger and 

 more swollen from the numerous eggs which it contains. It becomes 

 so distorted that the position of the parts are considerably altered. 

 The metathoracic spiracles are small and retain their normal 

 position on the ventral aspect near the rostrum. The mesothoracic 

 spiracles are large and conspicuous and are located at one side of 

 the proximal end of the stigmatic processes. These processes with 

 the distortion and remoulding of the body are elongated and 

 brought nearer to the anal spine and the anal process. There is 

 a furrow, a canella, extends from the spiracle along one side of the 

 stigmatic process to its distal truncate end. Each canella bears 

 numerous spiracerores and its distal end which is continuous on one 

 side with the canella bears several large cerores with small cerores 

 or spiracerores mixed among them. The stigmatic processes were 

 originally known as the lac tubes from the mistaken notion that all 

 the wax of the test was excreted by them. The anal process also 

 becomes more prominent with the swelling of the body. The 

 stigmatic processes with the mesothoracic spiracles, the anal spine, 

 and the anal process are now all near together at one end of the 

 body. The migration in position of the spiracles is probably due 

 to the stretching of the cuticle of the body. The body of the adult 

 female during gestation completely fills the cell in the wax. As 

 the eggs are extruded, the body gradually shrinks and the empty 

 space in the cell about the body of the female is packed with eggs. 

 The young nymphs, when they hatch, emerge through the openings 

 in the cell in which the anus and mesothoracic spiracles fit. The 

 lobed appearance of the body is lost after the female deposits her 

 eggs, and, when it is expanded, is bag-like in form. 



The waxy test formed by the female varies in size and form 

 with the species. In some the females are isolated, each female 

 forming a test; in others only a few females, three or four, are 

 found in the same globule of wax and contribute toward its forma- 

 tion; or a considerable number of females, twenty to thirty or a 

 large number, several hundred, form a large thick mass completely 

 encrusting a limb as in the stick-lac of India. The shape of the 

 cell varies also somewhat with the species. The cell of the adult 



