206 THE COCCIDAE 



The female nymphs of all stages are provided with a rostrum and a 

 rostralis. The three pairs of legs are present in the first nymphal stage 

 and in the second nymphal stage so far as known and are similar or 

 subsimilar in form. The profemora are never greatly enlarged and the 

 prothoracic legs are never fitted for digging. The body is never provided 

 with an anal cleft and opercula, an anal ring and anal ring setae, octa- 

 cerores, pilacerores, or ceratubae. The anal lobes are generally small, 

 but even if not prominent, frequently with prominent anal setae in the 

 first nymphal stage. The caudal end of the rectum is not strongly chiti- 

 nized, forming a rectal tube with one or more rings of anacerores ex- 

 creting a long glassy tube of wax. The caudal abdominal segment is not 

 short, narrow, and projecting. 



The male has ocellanae. The abdomen is not provided with lateral 

 filaments or with tufts of long slender glassy threads of wax, but with 

 two long white caudal filaments. The wings are present. The stylus is 

 about as long as broad. 



The subdivision Idiococcidae was proposed in 1893 by Maskell 

 to include two genera, Cylindrococcus and Sphaerococeus, which he 

 had described. The group was denned to include the following: 

 "Adult females active or stationary; gall-making, or naked, or 

 producing cotton or wax. Anal tubercles entirely absent. Anal 

 ring hairless. Antennae with usually less than seven joints. Body 

 not prolonged posteriorly." When this group was erected, the 

 first genus contained two species and the second genus five. In 

 Fernald's Catalogue the first of these genera, Cylindrococcus, con- 

 tains four species and the other, Sphaerococeus, nineteen. Maskell 

 in 1895 in a list of the Australian coecids gives the Idiococcidae as 

 a section of the subfamily Coccinae, the Eriococcinae of this work, 

 and associates it with the genera included in the Eriococcinae as 

 given on preceeding pages. Cockerell in his "Check-list" pub- 

 lished in 1896 adopts Maskell 's name and recognized it as a group, 

 but combined it with the Eriococcinae in 1899. Green in the first 

 volume of his Coccidae of Ceylon also adopts Maskell 's name and 

 characterization with this addition: "Larvae with anal tubercles, 

 adult without." The term Idiococcidae is not tenable or usable 

 as a group name, as a subfamily or family name, because it is not 

 based upon a generic name. For this reason the subfamily name 

 Cylindrococcinae has been used for this group. 



At the time when Maskell characterized his Idiococcidae, the 

 tendency was to rely upon the characters of the adult female alone 

 and not to use, at least to any extent, the characters of the nymphs. 

 Several of the genera now placed in the Eriococcinae, would ac- 

 cording to Maskell's definition, fall into the Cylindrococcinae, 

 since their adult females do not have an anal ring or anal ring 



