244 THE COCCIDAE 



oraceratubae elongate oval in outline, frequently twice as 

 long as broad; scale of adult female elongate, coriaceous, 

 or horny, usually brownish or blackish in color, shaped and 

 ridged like an oyster-shell, exuviae always at one end, sides 

 sometimes parallel or subparallel; scale of adult male never 



carinate and usually similar in color to that of female 



LEPIDOSAPHINI. 



dd. Pygidium of adult female or of second nymphal female 

 rarely with plates between median pair of lobes; body of 

 adult female always distinctly longer than broad, rarely 

 twice or more as long as broad, if so, always without plates 

 between median pair of lobes; altaceratubae usually arranged 

 singly, frequently opening in latadentes, their oraceratubae 

 circular or subcircular in outline; scale of adult female 

 pyriform, elongate or round, sometimes shaped and ridged 

 like oyster-shell and, if so shaped, always without plates be- 

 tween median pair of lobes, rarely if ever with sides parallel 

 or subparallel, generally white in color or light colored, and 

 closely felted; scale of adult male often longitudinally cari- 

 nate and chalky in color and appearance DIASPIDINI. 



cc. Pygidium of adult female or of second nymphal female always 

 without brevaceratubae; scale of adult female always elongate 

 and with single exuvia; adult female always enclosed in 

 puparium, excretionary part of scale thin and puparium, 

 which is generally nearly as large as scale, apparently form- 

 ing second exuvia; pygidium sometimes apparently lacking 

 altaceratubae and provided with linaceratubae and clavacera- 



tubae. FIOKINIINI. 



aa. Pygidium of adult female or of second nymphal female never with 

 altaceratubae, rarely with brevaceratubae, and if provided with 

 brevaceratubae, not arranged in transverse rows, usually with lina- 

 ceratubae or clavaceratubae ; scale of adult female circular or 

 nearly so, rarely elongate, if so, exuviae superimposed; exuviae 

 always central or nearly so, first exuvia superimposed over center 

 of second, never projecting beyond periphery or attached at peri- 

 phery; exuvia of first nymphal female never with remains of 

 antennae forming porrect appendages; pygidium rarely with dista- 

 pectinae or furcapectinae, frequently with latapectinae, unapectinae, 

 or plates, if apparently with altaceratubae scale always round with 

 central exuvia and first exuvia without remains of antennae; scale 

 of adult female with second exuvia small and never covering one- 

 half of scale; adult female sometimes enclosed in puparium 



ASPIDIOTINI. 



