312 THE COCCIDAE 



ii. Body with rudimentary antennae borne on circu- 

 lar strongly chitinized area fringed with four 

 to six stout spine-like projections. Type, 

 Chionaspis coronifera Green. Coronaspis MacG. 

 hh. Body with rostrum abnormal in position, located 

 quite close to cephalic margin. Type, Chionaspis 



substriata Newst. Dentaspis MacG. 



ee. Pygidium with at least one pair of paraphyses. 



f. Thorax usually wider than long, never four times as 



long as wide; two plates in median incisura 



Howardia Leon. 



ff. Thorax four or more times as long as wide; plates want- 

 ing in median incisura. Type, Chionaspis cinnamomi 



Green. Proceraspis MacG. 



dd. Body of adult female with deep transverse constriction be- 

 tween mesothorax and metathorax. Type, Chionaspis vuilleti 



Marchal. Marchalaspis MacG. 



cc. Pygidium never with plates cephalad of median pair of lobes. 

 d. Pygidium with at least one pair of distinct lobes, never with 

 pseudolobes. 



e. Pygidium with caudal margin convex, not with pygidial 

 incision. 



f. Pygidium with anus located distinctly cephalad of mid- 

 dle of pygidium, near its cephalic end. Leucaspis 

 cupressi Colem Cupidaspis MacG. 



ff. Pygidium with anus located distinctly caudad of middle 

 of pygidium, near its caudal margin.-Pseudodiaspis Ckll. 



ee. Pygidium with deep angular pygidial incision, median pair 

 of lobes inserted in incision. Type, Chionaspis (Dinaspis) 

 diosmae Brain. Tersiculaspis MacG. 



dd. Pygidium with caudal margin either entirely without lobes 

 or with serrate or dentate pseudolobes. 



e. Pygidium with anus located distinctly cephalad of middle 

 of pygidium, near its cephalic end. 



f. Pygidium with caudal margin entire, without lobes or 

 pseudolobes; insects never producing galls upon plants. 



Protodiaspis Ckll. 



ff. Pygidium with caudal margin with pseudolobes, six or 

 seven subequal serrate pairs; insects producing galls 

 upon leaves of plants. Type, Chionaspis fodiens Green.- _ 



Nudachaspis MacG. 



ee. Pygidium with anus located distinctly caudad of middle of 

 pygidium; three pairs of lobe-like projections with setae at 

 their distal end; lobe-like projections and lateres distinctly 

 continuously crenulate; insects living exposed, never pro- 

 ducing galls. Xanthopthalmus Ckll. & Parr. 



