370 THE COCCIDAE 



A few of the species live in depressions or pockets in the 

 leaves of the host-plant or produce abnormal growths or galls 

 upon their surface. In the case of Adiscofiorinia secreta described 

 by Green, the enclosing gall is minute and conical. The puparium 

 and the body of the adult female is peculiar in form, having the 

 cephalic portion greatly swollen, so that it resembles the pupa of 

 a syrphid-fly according to Green. The galls are confined to the 

 upper surface of the leaf with an opening to the exterior extending 

 into the gall from the under surface which is always closed by the 

 first exuvia. The puparium rests in the gall in an erect position 

 with its pygidium directed toward the opening and the first exuvia. 

 "The male scales are sunk in shallow depressions on the under 

 surface." 



The species are found in great part, at least so far as described 

 species are concerned, in Asia and Australia. Of the twenty-five 

 species listed in Fernald's Catalogue, nine are reported from 

 Australia, five from New Zealand, three from Mauritius, five from 

 Ceylon, one from India, two from China, three from Japan, one 

 from Kew Gardens, England on Howea, a palm from the Australian 

 region, and one species of common occurrence on many species of 

 plants grown under glass in Europe and America which is also 

 found commonly in Brazil, Australia, Ceylon, and Japan upon 

 plants in the open air. This species is probably also a native of 

 the Indian or Australian region. 



The body of the adult female is usually elongate. The seg- 

 mentation of the thorax is usually obscure, but that of the preab- 

 domen is frequently distinct. The cephalic end of the body is 

 truncate or broadly rounded. The antennae are rudimentary and 

 usually do not differ in form from those of other adult female 

 Diaspidinae, except that they are frequently larger. They differ 

 in certain species as to their location on the ventral aspect, being 

 very distant in some and close together in others. The ventral 

 surface of the head is sometimes elevated horn-like between them. 



The pygidium is generally distinctly separated from the pre- 

 abdomen, frequently somewhat five-sided. The mesal portion of 

 the caudal end is more or less truncate and frequently also more or 

 less hollowed out forming a pygidial incision. The lobes in the 

 generalized species are represented by three pairs, but there is 

 usually less than this number of pairs, frequently reduced to a 

 single pair, and sometimes wanting. The lateres are without 

 projections of any sort or with pseudolobes. The median pair of 

 lobes is generally the largest, they are frequently oblique with 



