CONTENTS ix 



PAGE 



for manuring experiments, 172. Way of application of manures, 

 174. Advantages of farmyard manure, green-dressing, mulching, 

 and compost over chemical manures, 175. Effect of mulching in 

 Dominica, 177. Manuring in Java, 178 ; in St. Lucia, 179 ; in 

 Kamerun, 179 ; in Grenada, 180 ; in Ceylon, 181. Pruning and 

 cleaning the trees, 181. Ecuadorian system, 184. Pruning in 

 Java, 185 ; in San Thome, 186. Trimming-up system, 187. The 

 right cleaning system, 187. Prevention of disease, 189. General 

 rules, 190. Picking, 192. Implements, 194. Breaking, 195. 

 Yield, 196 ; in Surinam, 198 ; in Trinidad, 199 ; in San Thome, 

 199 ; in Ecuador, 200. 



CHAPTER VII 



FERMENTATION, WASHING AND DRYING .... . . . .201 



Fermentation, 201. Effect of fermentation, 201. Fermentation of 

 cocoa varieties, 202. Details of method in Surinam, 202. Cause 

 of fermentation, 204. Changes in the pulp (external fermenta- 

 tion), 206. Changes in the seed (internal fermentation), 206. 

 Necessity of oxygen, 209. Fermentation in Java, 210 ; in Ceylon, 211 ; 

 in Venezuela, 211 ; in Ecuador, 211. Influence of fermentation on 

 quality, 212. Washing, 212. Advantages, 213. Drawbacks, 214. 

 Drying or curing, 215. Sun-drying, 215. Drying waggons, 216. 

 Movable roofs, 217. Drying by artificial heat, 218. Different 

 kinds of dryers, 219. Curing-houses, 225. Claying and "dancing," 

 225. Claying in Venezuela, 225. "Dancing" in Trinidad, 226. 

 Loss in weight during fermentation and drying, 227. Sorting, 

 228. Summary of methods of fermentation and curing, 228. 



CHAPTER VIII 



DISEASES AND ENEMIES ........ 233 



Introduction, 233. The causes of disease, 234. Classification of 

 diseases, 234. Methods of fighting diseases and pests, 239. 

 Fungicide mixtures, 241. Spraying machines, 241. Insecticide 

 mixtures, 242. Fungus diseases, 242. Root diseases, 242. Canker, 

 245. Die-back disease, 248. Djamoer oepas, 251. Thread 

 blight or cobweb fungus, 253. Horse-hair blight, 253. Surinam 

 witch-broom disease, 253. Kamerun witch-broom disease, 259. 

 Chupon wilt, 259. Black rot of pods, 260. Insect pests, 261. 

 Root insects, 261. Borers, 263. Insects attacking the leaves, 

 twigs, and fruits, 272 : Helopeltis, 272 ; Kamerun rind-bug, 278 ; 

 Mosquilla, 278 ; Caterpillars, 280 ; Thrips, 280 ; Cocoa-moth, 281. 

 Birds and Mammals, 285. 



CHAPTER IX 



COCOA-GROWING COUNTRIES . . . . . .289 



I. Ecuador, 289. II. Brazil, 306. III. San Thome and Principe, 

 310. IV. Trinidad and the Lesser Antilles, 328 : Trinidad, 328 ; 



