viii COCOA 



CHAPTEE IV 



PAGE 



THE BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COCOA PLANT . . 38 



Position in the botanical system, 38. The different Theobroma 

 species, 39. Theobroma cacao, general appearance, 40. The root, 

 42. The branches and leaves, 43. The flower, 46. Arrangement 

 of flower-clusters, 46. Structure of the flowers, 51. Pollination, 

 53. Fruit and fruit -cushion, 56. Theobroma pentagona, 57. 

 The non-cultivated species, 59. 



CHAPTEE Y 

 VARIETIES OF COCOA 65 



Distinction of the Criollo and the Forastero group, 65. Classification 

 of Morris, 67. Hart's classification, 67. Main differences between 

 Criollo and Forastero, 68. Criollo, 69. Meaning of the word 

 Criollo, 69. Present use of this word, 70. Characteristics of the 

 Criollo variety, 71. Local types of Criollo, 73 : Venezuela Criollo, 

 73 ; Ceylon Criollo, 74 ; Java Criollo, 75 ; Samoa Criollo, 76 ; 

 Madagascar Criollo, 77 ; Nicaragua Criollo, 77. Porcelaine variety, 

 78. Forastero, 80. Classification of the different Forastero 

 varieties, 81: Angoleta, 82; Cundeamor, 82; Amelonado, 83; 

 Calabacillo, 85. Local types of the Forastero varieties, 86 : 

 Venezuela Angoleta, 86 ; Java Angoleta, 86 ; Venezuela Cundeamor, 



87 ; Trinidad Cundeamor, 88 ; Ecuador Cundeamor (Esmeraldas), 



88 ; Ecuador Amelonado, 88 ; San Thome Amelonado, 91 ; Surinam 

 Amelonado, 91 ; A T enezuela Amelonado, 92 ; Guadeloupe Amelonado, 

 Summary, 93. Figures about the size of some types of fruits, 94. 



CHAPTEE VI 



THE CULTIVATION OF COCOA . . . . . . .95 



A. Establishment of the plantation, 95. Clearing the forest, 95. 

 Leaving of forest trees as shade trees not advisable, 97. Leaving 

 of forest trees as wind-breaks, 97. Management of the land after 

 the clearing of the forest, 98. Planting of wind-breaks, 99. 

 Variety to plant, 103. Procuring varieties from distant countries, 

 105. Seed selection, 106. Temporary shade, 107. Planting of 

 inter-crops, 114. Planting distance, 120. Sowing out in the open 

 field and the nursery system, 125. Layering (marcotting), grafting, 

 and budding, 136. Shade trees, 146. Erroneous view about the 

 use of shade trees, 149. Planting cocoa without shade, 149. Use 

 of shade trees, 150. 



B. Field work on the established plantation, 153. Weeding, 153. 

 Influence of weeds, their usefulness and their harm, 154. Clean 

 weeding, advantages and disadvantages, 158. Soil management, 

 160. Manuring, 165. Aim of manuring, 166. Available and 

 dormant plant-food, 167. Chemical analysis of soil of little use- 

 fulness, 168. Most important manures, 169. Exhaustion of the 

 soil by the crop, 170. Manuring experiments, 171. Golden rules 



