238 



COCOA 



CHAP. 



G (2). Insect Pests on Leaves and Twigs. 



In Java and Ceylon the twigs (and also the 

 fruits) are badly damaged by the well-known 

 bugs . . . 



In Kamerun another bug is harmful in 

 the same way to the young shoots and the 

 fruits (sometimes also to the young branches) 



Helopeltis antonii and 

 Helopeltis theivora. 



Sahlbergella singularis. 



The leaves are eaten by the following caterpillars : 



In Java - . . 



In Java and Ceylon .... 



In most other cocoa-growing countries 

 various caterpillars are more or less noxious 

 to the leaves, but they have not yet been 

 studied. 



In the Antilles and Surinam great damage 

 is done by the thrips, which causes the 

 defoliation and often the death of the 

 trees 



Orthocraspeda trima, 



Belippa lohor. 

 Parasa lepida. 



"Thrips" (Physopus rubro- 

 cincta). 



D (1). Diseases of the Fruits caused by Fungi. 



Well known in many, perhaps in all the 



cocoa-growing countries is the disease called " Black rot " of pods 



(Phytophthora Faberi) 

 (West Indies), or 

 "Brown rot" (Ceylon). 



In Surinam and Demerara enormous 

 damage has been done by the " Surinam 

 witch-broom fungus," which attacks the pods, 

 causing " hardening " (" induration ") of pods 



Colletotrichum luxificum. 



D (2). Insect Pests on Fruits. 



In Java great damage is done every year 

 by the cocoa-moth, which spoils the fruits . 



In Java and Ceylon much damage is 

 caused to the fruits by the bugs already 

 mentioned as enemies of the young shoots 



In Ecuador the worst enemy of the cocoa, 

 is a bug which attacks the fruits 



Cocoa -moth 

 cramerella). 



(Zaratha 



Helopeltis antonii and 

 Helopeltis theivora. 



" Mosquilla " (scientific 

 name not yet given). 



