COCOA-GROWING COUNTRIES 315 



are the fermenting and drying houses, the hospital, the 

 houses where the native labourers live, the stables, etc. 

 Considerable care is given to the roads on the planta- 

 tion (Fig. 104). On some estates the small carts for 

 transport are drawn by mules or men, on others steam- 

 power is used. Very large " rogas " have branch 

 establishments, named " dependencias." These are 

 managed by a European director, have accommodation 



By permission of Mr. Monteiro de Mendonga. 

 FIG. 104. Repairing a road on the estate "Boa Entrada," San Thome. 



for fermenting and curing, and generally employ from 

 100 to 200 labourers. 



Labour conditions. The owners of the large " rocj^s " 

 of San Thome mostly live in Portugal, but from time 

 to time they visit the island to control the state ofl 

 aifairs on their possessions. Every estate is directed 

 by a manager, who is left entirely free in his manage- 

 ment and is held responsible. 



The population of San Thorne itself being negligible, 

 the labour for the cocoa plantations is obtained from 

 other Portuguese colonies, especially Angola. The 



