COCOA-GROWING COUNTRIES 317 



Chevalier estimates the costs for one " servical " 

 at about 40 francs a month (32s.), divided as follows : 



Contract costs and loss by heavy mortality . 16 Jr. (12s. lOd.) 

 Monthly wages . . . " . '. . 12 (9s. 7d.) 

 Food and dress . . . . 12 (9s. 7 d.) 



Comparing San Thome with Trinidad and Surinam, 

 Chevalier concludes that labour is very cheap at San 



P>y permission of Mr. Monteiro de Mendonqa. 

 FIG. 106. Hospital on the plantation "Boa Entrada," San Thome. 



Thome. In this he is, however, mistaken, for in 

 Surinam the cost for one contracted labourer amounts 

 to about 33 frs. (about 26s. 6d.) per month, viz. 16s. 

 wages and 10s. 6d. indirect expenses (immigration 

 expenses, as, for instance, passage on the steamer, 

 hospital, houses, etc.). 



The San Thome labour-system, especially the way 

 of contracting, has been in England the subject of much ' 

 criticism. 



Three of the most important cocoa manufacturers in 



