xi COCOA & CHOCOLATE INDUSTRY 503 



shells are removed. Special machines separate the 

 embryos again from the rest (the seed-lobes or kernel 

 proper). This is done by means of centrifugal power, 

 which throws the heavier embryos away. 



The mixing of the different sorts is the next 

 manipulation. 



When soluble cocoa-powder is to be made, the cocoa 

 is freed from a great part of its fat, the cocoa-butter, 

 by means of strong hydraulic presses. By the best and 

 strongest machinery about 53 to 60 per cent of the fat 

 is pressed out, the beans containing before treatment about 

 50 parts of fat against 50 parts of other substances, and 

 after pressing 20 to 23Jr parts of fat against 50 parts 

 of other substances. 



After the pressing out of the fat, the cocoa is made 

 " soluble." This is done in different ways. That mostly 

 used is the " Dutch method," viz. the treatment of the 

 cocoa with carbonate of magnesia, or with carbonate of 

 potassium, of sodium, or of ammonia. This results 

 not really in the " solubility " of the cocoa in the true 

 sense of the word, but it keeps the powder better 

 suspended in water or milk and not sinking so quickly 

 to the bottom. 



The manufacture of sweet chocolate is entirely 

 different from that of powdered cocoa. After cleaning, 

 breaking, and roasting, the necessary cocoa-sorts are 

 mixed and roughly ground. Thereupon the cocoa is 

 warmed and mixed with sugar and other substances. 

 This is done by special machines, which divide the 

 mass very minutely. In general terms the proportion 

 of sugar added to the cocoa is about 1 to 1. Finally, 

 the air contained in the chocolate is drawn or pressed 

 out by another machine, and the chocolate is moulded 

 into the form required. 



The many different sorts of chocolate are made 

 by special methods, requiring special machinery and 

 special substances to be added (for instance, cocoa- 

 butter or milk), but this need not be described here. 



The different products of cocoa manufacture are 



