504 COCOA CHAP. 



therefore powdered cocoa, chocolate, cocoa-butter and, 

 finally, the chaffy shells or cuticles. 



The cocoa-fat or cocoa-butter is a much-appreciated 

 by-product of cocoa manufacture. 



In connection with the fact that the industry of 

 cocoa-powder is so important in Holland, Amsterdam 

 is at present the most important market for cocoa- 

 butter. The price fluctuates from 60 cents (Is.) to 

 about one guilder (Is. 8d.) per ^ kilogram (in 1907 the 

 abnormally high price of 2s. was paid). While being 

 obtained in the manufacture of cocoa-powder, it is 

 again used for the manufacture of chocolate. But it 

 is also of great value for the manufacture of unguents, 

 pomades, and tooth-pastes. 



The cuticles. As has been stated in Chapter III. 

 the shells or cuticles contain, generally speaking, the 

 same constituents as the kernels. They are sometimes 

 used as a substitute for cocoa, and are, for instance, 

 used in the manufacture of different sorts of " coffee " 

 (Kneipp Malz Coffee a.o.), and in some countries for 

 making infusions, which are used as a cheap beverage 

 instead of tea. This is done, for instance, in Switzerland 

 and Ireland. 



Mixed with straw they form a valuable food for 

 cattle and sheep. They are also sometimes used as 

 manure. 



INDUSTRY IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES 



The enormous increase of the world's production of 

 cocoa shows how the consumption has increased during 

 the last decade (see Chapter IX.). Accordingly the 

 manufacture has made extraordinary advances in the 

 different countries concerned. 



The most important industrial countries are : the 

 United States of America, Germany, France, England, 

 Holland, and Switzerland. Of less importance are 

 Spain, Belgium, Austria, Eussia, Italy, and Canada. 



The amount of cocoa imported for local manufacture 

 by the chief countries is as follows : 



