120 DISTRIBUTION OF EXTINCT ANIMALS. [part ii. 



genera, Cainotherium and Microtherium, in the Miocene of 

 France. They were of very small size, and are supposed to be 

 intermediate between the Suidse and Tragulidse. 



The Camelopardalidse, or giraffes, were represented in Europe 

 in Miocene times by the gigantic Helladotherium, which has 

 been found in the south of France, and in Hungary, as well as 

 in Greece. The chevrotains (Tragulidse) are represented by 

 the extinct genus Hyomoschus. 



The Cervidse do not seem to have appeared in Europe before 

 the Upper Miocene epoch, when they were represented by 

 Dorcatherium and Amjihimoschus, allied to Moschus, and also by 

 true Cervus, as well as by small allied forms, Dr another ium, 

 Amphitragalus (in the Lower Miocene), Micromeryx, Palceomeryx, 

 and Dicroccrus. 



The Bovidse, or hollow-horned ruminants, were not well 

 represented in Central Europe in Miocene times. There were 

 no sheep, goats, or oxen, and only a few antelopes of the genus 

 Tragocerus, and one allied to Hippotragus ; and these all lived 

 in the Upper Miocene period, as did the more numerous 

 forms of Greece. 



Proboscidea. — The true elephants do not extend back to the 

 Miocene period, but they are represented by the Mastodons, 

 which had less complex teeth. These first appear in the Upper 

 Miocene of Europe, five species being known from France, 

 Germany, Switzerland, and Greece. Dinotherium, already 

 noticed as occurring in Greece, extended also to Germany and 

 France, where remains of three species have been found. 



Bodentia. — A considerable number of generic forms of this 

 order have been obtained from the Miocene strata. The prin- 

 cipal genera are Cricetodon, allied to the hamsters, numerous in 

 both the Upper and Lower Miocene period of France ; Myoxus 

 (the dormice) in France, and an allied genus, Brachymys, in Ger- 

 many. The beavers were represented by the still living genus 

 Castor, and the extinct Steneojiber in France. The squirrels by 

 the existing Scuirus and Sperrnophilus ; and by extinct forms, 

 Lithomys and Aulacodon, in Germany, the latter resembling the 

 African genus Autocodes. The hares, by Lagomys and an 



